Lower School (Kindergarten - Grade 5)

In kindergarten reading, students will embark on a journey to become avid readers. They will start the year by exploring "learn-about-the-world" books and favorite storybooks, focusing on reading independently and with friends. As they develop their reading skills, they will use strategies like pointing to words, recognizing "snap" words, and using pictures and patterns to help decode texts. The class will explore nonfiction texts, learning to talk like experts and noticing similarities and differences between books. They will also enjoy a unit on poetry to appreciate its meaning and rhythm. The year will conclude with author studies, focusing on the works of Laura Numeroff, Mo Willems, and Eric Carle.

Throughout the year, students will learn to hold a pencil correctly, write their own name, and draw pictures to communicate ideas. They will also form letters correctly on writing lines, participate in shared and interactive writing, and write simple consonant-vowel-consonant words. Students will gradually learn to write complete sentences using phonetic spelling, and explore basic capitalization, spacing, and punctuation. In the later months, students will work on writing two to three sentences on a topic, incorporating varied sentence patterns and vocabulary. Additionally, they will learn to understand different purposes and types of writing, culminating in the ability to add detail and use appropriate writing conventions by the end of the school year.

Students will begin their word study and phonics class by familiarizing themselves with letters through activities centered around names, helping them recognize and write both uppercase and lowercase letters. Students will learn to identify initial phonemes, produce groups of words with similar sounds, and recognize the importance of vowels. Activities will include labeling classroom items, engaging with alphabet charts, and interactive writing exercises. Students will focus on using word parts, digraphs, and vowel sounds to expand their vocabulary and improve their reading and writing skills. They will practice writing longer words, reading poetry, and creating rhyming words. 

Students will embark on a year-long journey exploring a variety of mathematical concepts. They will begin with understanding size, position, and classifications, followed by number recognition, as well as identifying and describing shapes. During the year, learners will be introduced to counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s, with numerals to 100 being mastered alongside understanding sizes, lengths, and weights. Students will learn how numbers can be put together or broken apart which will lead them to mastering the basics of single-digit addition and subtraction. All of these are encapsulated in a curriculum designed to foster growth and a love for numbers in our young learners.

The year begins for students with an introduction to science, in which they will learn what science is and understand that anyone can be a scientist. They will make observations using tools, both indoors and outdoors, and will create drawings and participate in experiments to communicate their findings. Later, they will study the water cycle and weather, engaging in activities such as creating a water cycle in a bag and dressing up as meteorologists. The focus will then shift to insects, where students will learn about the characteristics of insects, observe live ladybugs and ants, and participate in crafts and activities related to various insects. Throughout the year, gardening will be a continuous unit, allowing students to plant, harvest, and explore our beloved and bountiful school garden, fostering a hands-on understanding of nature and the environment.

In kindergarten social studies, students will explore themes of heritage, family, and cultural diversity. The year begins with students learning to say, spell, and write their own names, and recognizing the names of their classmates. They will then explore personal characteristics and preferences, understanding how they are both similar to and different from their friends. As they learn about families, our students will discuss various family structures, how families show love, and the diverse living situations of their classmates. During the winter months, the focus shifts to holiday traditions, where students develop an appreciation for different cultural celebrations. Students will then explore New Year’s traditions, the civil rights movement, and significant figures and events in African American history. Throughout each of these units, students will engage in activities that help them articulate their own experiences and understand the diverse experiences of others.

Over the course of the year, students will be introduced to the art studio and its procedures, the roles of artists, and studio habits of mind. They get to experiment with drawing, collage, fibers, sculpture, architecture, and more. Their learning is facilitated through immersive class and friend-to-friend discussions, and artist spotlights featuring diverse artists. Toward the end of the year, students learn about art exhibitions and the importance of making art for others in their community. The curriculum encourages students to not only create art but also appreciate it, fostering an enriched understanding of art that goes beyond traditional methods of teaching.

In kindergarten, students will be introduced to the foundational elements of music through a variety of interactive and engaging activities. Throughout the year, students will learn about steady beat, start and stop signals, and the different voices they can use, such as whispering, speaking, shouting, and singing. The curriculum incorporates songs and instruments from diverse cultures, such as maracas, djembe, and folk songs from Colombia, Argentina, and Zulu traditions. As the year progresses, students will explore musical concepts like fast and slow tempos, form and pattern in music, and the high and low sounds of different pitches. The class will culminate in performances that allow students to demonstrate their ability to sing in unison, keep a steady beat, and use musical instruments accurately, fostering both individual musical skills and a sense of ensemble performance.

The kindergarten physical education curriculum aims to develop students’ motor skills, teamwork, sportsmanship, and understanding of various games and sports such as volleyball, dance, hockey, basketball, track and field, paddle tennis, soccer, and kickball. In addition to physical activity, the program incorporates wellness aspects including mindful movement and nutrition education. Students' performances are monitored through observations, stations, checklists, and individual feedback. Cultural sensitivity is also promoted by incorporating games from different cultures in line with school cultural celebrations.

Throughout the year in kindergarten library class, students will explore theme-related literature, focusing on colors, counting, and shape, and multicultural literature to celebrate holidays and cultures.  They will also learn essential library skills including understanding library organization, book care, identifying authors and illustrators, understanding characters, setting, problem, and solution context in books. Students will also learn about the differences between fiction and non-fiction and forming their own opinions. Additionally, students will get familiar with book care, parts of books, alphabetical order, locating books in the library, library procedures, and the check-out routine.

In first grade language arts students will initially focus on building good reading habits, enhancing their stamina for independent reading, making predictions, and recalling details. They will learn strategies to tackle difficult words, improve fluency, and effectively read with friends. As they progress, students will explore non-fiction reading, gaining knowledge on various topics, and learning to read aloud like experts with expression and intonation. Later, they will explore story elements, learning about characters, and deriving lessons from the stories. They will also develop the ability to express opinions and make book recommendations.

Students will begin the academic year with a focus on writing small moment stories, learning to bring their narratives to life with detailed descriptions and dialogue. They will study the craft of other writers to improve their own work. They will also revise, edit, and publish their stories, adding elements like cover pages and illustrations. Students will learn to write persuasively in opinion pieces, expressing their judgments clearly and effectively. The curriculum also includes a unit on realistic fiction, where students will develop characters and plot lines, write dialogue, and create a series of related stories. Students will also explore poetry, where they will experiment with language and structure to express their thoughts and feelings in concise, impactful ways.

The curriculum will guide students through studying names to learn about phonics, identifying and generating rhyming words, segmenting and blending phonemes, and recognizing consonant clusters. Students will explore high-frequency "snap words" and use them to build new words. Students will also engage with various activities to practice spelling, reading, and writing, and they will be assessed through individual conferences, small group work, and applied spelling in written text. The program incorporates diverse learning modalities and cultural reflections, ensuring a rich and inclusive learning environment.

In first grade math class, students will kick off the year with a focus on counting, comparing numbers, and recognizing patterns. They will then explore number bonds and addition and subtraction facts. They will learn various strategies to add and subtract and how to begin to manipulate numbers in their mind, laying the groundwork for mental math computation. The curriculum includes lessons on length, weight, and the basics of time and calendar usage, expanding their ability to measure and understand time. Toward the end of the year, students will tackle more complex addition and subtraction problems, are introduced to fractions, and will also learn about money.

In first grade science class, students will embark on a journey of discovery through various hands-on activities and experiments. Students will practice making observations both indoors and outdoors, including garden observations. As they move into studying living and nonliving things, they will classify objects, explore animal classifications, and engage in activities such as harvesting pumpkins and researching different animals. The curriculum will also cover the states of matter, where students will explore the properties of solids, liquids, and gases through fun experiments like making ice cream and root beer floats. Students will later dive into space exploration, learning about the solar system, planets, stars, and constellations. Throughout the year, students will develop skills in predicting, measuring, observing, and comparing, with a strong emphasis on open-ended activities that allow for individualized learning and exploration.

Students will explore what artists do, how to take care of materials, and engage in activities designed to build their confidence and creativity. Students will learn to reflect on their work, stretch their creative thinking, and explore different media, including drawing, collage, painting, sculpture, and ceramics. They will develop their craft through practice, learning to use tools and materials effectively, and improving their skills through observation and reflection. Students will participate in collaborative projects, such as creating a classroom sculpture, and will have opportunities to express their ideas and feelings through their artwork. The curriculum emphasizes the importance of understanding and connecting with diverse cultures, featuring works by diverse artists and incorporating multicultural perspectives in classroom activities and materials. The year will culminate in an exhibition where students will select their best work, write artist statements, and present their creations to the community, demonstrating their growth as young artists.

Students will explore the fundamental elements of music, including steady beat, melody, rhythm, dynamics, and tempo. They will learn to clap and use percussion instruments to maintain a steady beat, read basic rhythmic notation such as quarter notes and rests, and understand dynamics and tempo through activities that involve loud/soft and fast/slow contrasts. Students will develop proper vocal techniques and practice singing songs in unison, focusing on maintaining a steady beat and using dynamics like crescendo and decrescendo. The curriculum includes the use of world instruments and incorporates songs from diverse cultures, enriching the students' musical experience. In the latter part of the year, they will engage with Orff instruments, learning mallet techniques and singing songs accompanied by these instruments. Students will then participate in events like the Holiday Sing where they will showcase their learned skills.

The curriculum begins with team-building activities, and recess games, progressing to sports like flag football, volleyball, and dance, where students learn striking, catching, throwing, and rhythm. Throughout the year, they will engage in various sports including hockey, basketball, and paddle tennis, while also incorporating mindful movement and nutrition education. The program emphasizes collaborative play, conflict resolution, good sportsmanship and body awareness, ensuring students develop physical coordination and an understanding of their physical and mental growth. Students will participate in culturally inclusive games that align with school celebrations, fostering a sense of community and cultural awareness.

Students will be introduced to a variety of literary themes and concepts through a rich selection of books, including those that highlight multicultural literature, famous people, and endangered animals. Students will learn about library organization, book care, and parts of a book, as well as develop an understanding of key story elements, such as character, setting, and plot. They will explore the works of notable authors and illustrators like and be introduced to the Caldecott Medal for distinguished illustrations. Through interactive read-alouds and activities, students will also learn to differentiate between fiction and nonfiction, form opinions about stories, and become familiar with the library's check-out routine. The curriculum emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity and inclusion, featuring books and stories from a wide range of cultural backgrounds.

In first-grade technology, students will be introduced to various digital tools and applications to enhance their learning experience. They will start with foundational skills, such as proper iPad use, closing apps, and logging onto different programs. Students will then use Seesaw for accessing and completing assignments, and explore educational apps like Splash Learn for math, Epic for reading and comprehension, Sushi Monster for addition practice, Writing Wizard for writing skills, and Math Bingo for practicing addition and subtraction facts. Later, they will use the Starfall app to read stories and practice grammar skills, with content that includes diverse cultural backgrounds such as Greek myths and Chinese fables.

In second grade, students will experience significant growth in their reading skills. The year begins with a focus on enhancing reading fluency, comprehension, and the ability to tackle tricky words using multiple strategies. Students will learn to pay close attention to authors' intentions and craft, making connections and asking questions to deepen their understanding. They will also participate in series book clubs, analyzing characters, predicting outcomes, and appreciating authors' craft. They will share their opinions through discussions, book swaps, and debates, fostering a collaborative and enthusiastic reading environment.

The year begins with writing small moment stories, where students will learn to focus on details, incorporate dialogue, and use drama to bring their narratives to life. They will study the craft of other writers and use mentor texts to improve their own writing. Students will  into nonfiction writing, creating chapter books that include detailed explanations, diagrams, and persuasive elements. Opinion writing will follow, where students will learn to articulate their judgments convincingly, use persuasive language, and engage in debates. They will also write realistic fiction, developing characters, dialogue, and plotlines. The year will culminate with poetry, where students will experiment with language, rhythm, and various poetic structures to express their thoughts and feelings.

Students kick off the year by revisiting essential phonics concepts such as blends, digraphs, and the silent “e” rule, using high-frequency words and proper nouns to solidify their understanding. Students will continue to learn more complex phonics patterns, including vowel teams, R-controlled vowels, and multisyllabic words. They will develop strategies for decoding and spelling tricky words, exploring homophones, and learning to use punctuation and capitalization correctly. The curriculum also includes plenty of fun activities like writing rhyming books using compound words, fostering a love for language and enhancing students’ vocabulary.

The year begins with mastering numbers up to 1,000, where students will learn about place value, counting, and comparing numbers. They will then move on to addition and subtraction up to 1,000 with and without regrouping. Students will continue to learn and develop mental math strategies and will explore multiplication and division of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10. They will also study money, measurement, time, and geometric shapes. The curriculum includes an introduction to fractions, specifically wholes, halves, and fourths, and students will compare and order fractions.

Students will explore the world around them by learning about continents, oceans, and how to use a compass rose. They will examine government structures and the importance of leaders and leadership, with a focus on the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Students will compare life today with life in the past, particularly looking at the lives of their grandparents and great-grandparents. They will also learn about natural resources, how people use and conserve them, and the factors that influence where people live. The class will then investigate economic concepts, understanding the roles of producers and consumers, the process of trade, and the importance of making wise economic choices.

The year kicks off with teamwork among friends and safety in the lab, introducing students to basic scientific tools and the scientific method through interactive activities. They will study the changes of the Earth's surface, learning about plate tectonics, weathering, erosion, and the rock cycle. This includes creating models and conducting experiments, such as making volcanoes and growing crystals. Students will explore ecosystems, starting with local California ecosystems and expanding to ocean ecosystems. They will learn about biotic and abiotic factors, conduct scavenger hunts, explore native plants, and study ocean layers and marine life. Throughout the year, the curriculum emphasizes cause and effect, comparison and contrast, and developing models to represent natural phenomena

Students will engage in various media explorations, including drawing, collage, painting, architecture, sculpture, and ceramics. They will develop important studio habits of mind, such as stretching and exploring new ways of working, reflecting on their art-making process, and expressing their ideas and emotions through visual language. Students will also learn to work with different materials, create collaborative projects, and present their artwork in exhibitions. The curriculum includes lessons on specific techniques like glazing ceramics and using the color wheel and emphasizes the importance of understanding and connecting with the global art community.

Students will learn to read and write rhythmic and melodic notation, with a focus on clapping and playing half notes, and using handbells to play the C scale. Proper vocal techniques, including singing-in-head voice and following a conductor, will be emphasized. Students will explore musical form and pattern, specifically the AB form, and will perform songs from memory, culminating in a Holiday Sing performance. The curriculum also includes an instrument lesson where children will learn about the different families of the orchestra and act out the story of "Peter and the Wolf." The program incorporates world instruments and songs from various cultures, fostering an inclusive and diverse musical education.

Students will engage in a comprehensive program designed to develop their gross motor skills, teamwork, good sportsmanship, and overall physical fitness. Students will participate in various sports, including flag football, volleyball, dance, hockey, basketball, and paddle tennis, where they will learn skills, such as striking, catching, throwing, and body positioning. The curriculum also includes mindful movement and nutrition education to promote mental and physical well-being. Students will practice collaborative play and conflict resolution, and they will be exposed to games from different cultures. Assessments will include observations, checklists, and individual feedback to ensure each student's progress and skill development are continuously monitored and supported. 

The year begins with a review of iPad skills, ensuring that students can properly use the devices, close apps, and log onto various programs. They will also revisit Seesaw, a platform for accessing and completing assignments. As the year progresses, students will engage with educational apps such as Splash Learn and Prodigy to enhance their math skills through practice lessons and games. They will also use Sushi Monster and Math Bingo to practice addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in a fun, game-like environment. Students will also be introduced to safe online research practices, which they will apply to projects like the under-the-sea animal project. The year concludes with students learning to use the Book Creator app, allowing them to create and share their own storybooks.

In third grade reading class, students will begin the year by building a strong foundation in reading strategies, focusing on fluency, comprehension, and tracking their reading habits. Students will explore understanding story structures, making predictions, and tackling challenging texts with grit and determination. They will explore expository texts, learning to identify main ideas and key details, and apply this knowledge to teach others and engage in discussions. The curriculum includes a focus on narrative nonfiction, where students will synthesize information and balance fluency with tackling difficult words. Character studies will help students empathize with and analyze characters, deepening their understanding of story arcs and resolutions. Additionally, students will participate in research clubs, studying various topics and developing skills in synthesizing information, asking questions, and forming evidence-based theories. The program emphasizes multiple perspectives and provides differentiation to meet the diverse needs of all learner.

The year begins with narrative writing, where students will learn to plan and revise their stories, focusing on crafting detailed and engaging narratives with clear beginnings, middles, and ends. They will create characters with real wants and troubles, using drama and varied punctuation to bring their stories to life. As they move into informative writing, students will write books that teach, organizing their writing with detailed facts, clear paragraphs, and engaging introductions. They will use mentor texts to guide their revisions and enhance their writing through interviews and surveys. In the opinion writing unit, students will evaluate, rank, and categorize their opinions, writing persuasive reviews and speeches to make a real-world difference. They will learn to hook their readers, provide convincing reasons, and incorporate text evidence into their arguments. The curriculum emphasizes the use of mentor texts, peer-to-peer feedback, and self-reflection, encouraging students to grow as confident and competent writers.

In third grade phonics class, students will engage in a structured word study program.  They will review vowel sounds, including short vowels and long vowels patterns, such as vowel-consonant-e patterns, vowel teams, and r-controlled vowels. They will practice word analysis, understand syllable structures, and apply spelling rules to their writing. Students will also work on proofreading, making inferences, and using context clues to enhance their understanding of word meanings. The curriculum includes daily practice exercises, review games, and traditional unit spelling tests to reinforce learning.

Students will begin the year by mastering numbers up to 10,000, learning to compare, identify number patterns, and round these numbers. The curriculum progresses to mental math and estimation strategies, equipping students with the skills to add and subtract two-digit numbers mentally and round numbers to the nearest hundred. As the year continues, students will tackle addition and subtraction up to 10,000, with and without regrouping. They will build on their knowledge of multiplication and division and learn to divide by a 3-digit number by 2, 3, 4, and 5 using long division. They will learn the tables of 6, 7, 8, and 9. Word problems are a core component of these algebraic chapters and students will learn to tackle word problems using different strategies such as drawing bar models. Students will explore fractions, understand how to read, write, and compare them using models and number lines. They will also learn to add and subtract fractions with common denominators. The curriculum concludes with lessons on customary measurements of length, weight, and capacity, and covers geometry, calculating time, and money.

Third grade social studies begins with a focus on personal identity, allowing students to describe what makes them unique and appreciate diversity in their peers. They will examine the concept of community, learning about the members, development, and impact of different communities. As the year progresses, students will study the history of the first Californians, study significant cultural and holiday traditions, and explore how resources shape communities. They will also investigate the effects of social changes and immigration on community development and discuss the rights and equality of different groups. The curriculum includes hands-on projects, field trips, and diverse reading materials to enhance learning and foster an inclusive environment. By the end of the year, students will have a comprehensive understanding of their local and global communities, as well as the social justice issues that affect them.

In third grade art class, students will practice various studio habits of mind such as stretching their abilities, reflecting on their work, persisting in their projects, and expressing their ideas through visual language. They will experiment with drawing, collage, architecture, painting, sculpture, and ceramics, learning techniques and developing their craft through continuous practice and mini lessons. Students will work on personal projects, culminating in the selection and presentation of their artwork for the annual Art Walk. This process includes writing artist statements and participating in critiques. Throughout the year, there is a strong emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion, with classroom activities and materials reflecting a variety of cultural perspectives and highlighting the work of diverse artists.

In third grade music class, students will explore various elements of music, including rhythmic and melodic notation, dynamics, and vocal techniques. They will start the year by learning to read and clap rhythmic patterns, including sixteenth notes, and sing and play the pentatonic scale. As they progress, students will move into reading melodic notation on the treble clef and understanding musical dynamics such as crescendo and decrescendo. They will also practice singing partner songs and develop their ability to follow a conductor. The curriculum includes playing the recorder, where students will learn proper technique and how to read music on the treble staff. Throughout the year, students will engage in formative assessments through teacher observations and peer evaluations, culminating in performances such as the Holiday Sing. The music program incorporates songs and instruments from various world cultures, promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in the classroom.

Throughout the year, students will participate in various activities, including team building exercises, recess games, and structured units on flag football, volleyball, dance, hockey, basketball, yoga, frisbee, and paddle tennis. These activities will help students improve their striking, catching, throwing, dodging, passing, and body positioning skills, while also emphasizing the importance of rhythm, coordination, and balance. Students will also explore concepts of sportsmanship, conflict resolution, and mental awareness. The curriculum incorporates games from various cultures, promoting inclusivity and cultural understanding. The program aims to foster both competitive and collaborative play, encouraging students to develop a lifelong appreciation for physical activity and wellness.

In third grade library class, students will be exposed to a variety of literature themes, including animals, earth science, space, and historical events, alongside multicultural holiday and cultural celebrations. They will explore the works of notable authors and illustrators, learning to identify personal styles and compare fiction and nonfiction texts. The curriculum emphasizes library organization, book care, understanding the parts of a book, and developing skills in identifying characters, settings, and plot structures. Students will engage in activities that foster a love for reading, such as listening to stories, participating in book discussions, and using the library's check-out routine. The library program aims to enrich students' literary experiences and encourage a lifelong appreciation for books and reading.

Students will start by learning how to use Chromebooks, including various shortcuts and commands, and exploring Google Apps for Education. Following this, the curriculum focuses on digital citizenship, where students will learn about online privacy, proper communication techniques, cyberbullying, and safe online searching using the Digital Passport program from Common Sense Media. As the year progresses, students will become familiar with Schoology for accessing important documents and completing assignments. They will also be introduced to math apps like Splash Math and Xtra Math, and Prodigy to reinforce grammar and parts of speech skills. Students will begin learning block-based coding through individual accounts on code.org, progressively building their coding skills through various challenges and lessons. The program emphasizes inclusivity and equity, ensuring that all students have the opportunity to succeed in the digital world.

Students will dive into character analysis, exploring story elements, and building interpretations through discussion and critical thinking. The curriculum includes research projects, where students learn to read and synthesize information from nonfiction texts, and historical fiction book clubs, which help them understand different perspectives and historical contexts. Additionally, students will study poetry, focusing on language, rhythm, and thematic connections to literature. Students will also study fiction, where they will closely read and analyze details to develop big ideas about characters and themes. Throughout the year, students will engage in daily independent reading, peer reading, and interactive read-alouds.

Students will start the year by crafting and revising true stories, focusing on detailed storytelling and character development. Later, they will write short fiction stories and live a "writerly life" by gathering ideas and revising their drafts. Students will also focus on informational writing, creating detailed and organized chapter books, and learn to write persuasive opinion pieces and speeches, incorporating text evidence to support their arguments. They will explore poetry, understanding and using figurative language and developing an appreciation for poetic structures. One of the year’s highlights is writing a literary essay, where students analyze characters and themes, using evidence from texts to support their ideas.  Integrated into the writing process throughout is the study of grammar and vocabulary.

In fourth grade phonics, students will continue their study of predictable and unpredictable vowel sounds, progressing to more complex sounds like /oo/ and /yoo/.  They will engage in activities to comprehend higher-level vocabulary, identify synonyms and antonyms, and understand analogies. Additionally, students will develop dictionary skills, practice proofreading, and apply their growing phonics knowledge in writing. For example, they will explore vowel changes, final schwa sounds, and r-controlled vowels, reinforcing their learning through practice exercises and spelling tests.

In fourth grade math, students will learn to work with whole numbers to one million, including reading, comparing, ordering, adding, and subtracting multi-digit numbers. They will also explore multiplication and division, understanding how to apply these operations to multi-digit numbers, solve word problems, and continue to refine and grow their mental math strategies. Fourth graders will advance their understanding of fractions and will learn about improper fractions and mixed numbers, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions, and fractions of a set. Students are introduced to decimals in fourth grade and will learn to add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals. The curriculum includes activities to develop data interpretation skills, such as creating and interpreting tables and graphs, and measurement and geometry.

In fourth grade social studies, students will embark on an educational journey through the rich history and geography of California. They will begin by exploring the physical and human characteristics that define California, using maps and literature to learn about its first settlers and significant events like the earthquakes of 1906 and 1989. The curriculum then covers pre-Columbian settlements and the diverse native peoples, examining how they adapted to the state’s varied geography. Students will then move into European exploration, the mission system, and California's colonial history, analyzing the impacts of these events on the state's development. They will also study the Gold Rush, the state's path to becoming part of the United States, and the subsequent changes in its social and economic landscape. Students will engage in activities such as writing journal entries, creating maps, participating in discussions, and conducting research, fostering a comprehensive understanding of California's history and its place in the broader national context.

In fourth-grade science, students will engage in hands-on activities and experiments designed to build their understanding of scientific concepts and methods. They will explore variables through experiments such as the Pumpkin Plummet and Glow Ghosts, learning to distinguish between independent and dependent variables. Later, students will examine observations versus inferences with activities involving qualitative and quantitative observations. The curriculum also includes a lesson on forces and motion, where students will review Newton's laws and participate in STEM challenges like creating self-powered cars. Finally, the year concludes with a unit on chemistry, covering atoms, the periodic table, and molecular structures through interactive projects like making polymer slime and constructing gumdrop molecules.  Students will learn to keep a science notebook where they make observations, record data, and analyze the results of their experiments and explorations.

In fourth grade art class, students will start by learning the rules and procedures of the art studio, including how to take care of materials and work safely. Children will engage in various media explorations, such as drawing with different tools like chalk pastels and colored pencils, creating collages, and experimenting with painting techniques using watercolors and tempera. They will also dig deep into sculpture, using materials like clay to make pinch pots and other three-dimensional forms. As the year progresses, students will develop their craft by practicing specific techniques, reflecting on their work, and expressing their ideas through visual language. Key projects will include making gumdrop molecules in a chemistry-related art unit and preparing artwork for the annual Art Walk, where they will present and discuss their creations with the community.

In fourth grade music class, students will refine their abilities in reading both rhythmic and melodic notation. They will review basic note values such as quarter, eighth, half, and whole notes, as well as rests, and advance to more complex rhythms like sixteenth and dotted half notes. Students will engage in rhythm composition and learn to read music on the treble clef. They will practice using handbells and recorders to perform various pieces, including composing their own four-measure pieces. The curriculum also incorporates world instruments and songs from diverse cultures, promoting a global understanding and appreciation of music.

The year begins with team-building exercises and recess games to develop gross motor movement and spatial awareness. Students will then engage in sports such as flag football, volleyball, dance, hockey, basketball, yoga, frisbee, and paddle tennis, where they will learn specific skills like striking, catching, throwing, dodging, passing, and body positioning. Additionally, the curriculum includes lessons on wellness, focusing on mental and physical wellness, and nutrition education to promote a healthy lifestyle. The program emphasizes inclusivity and cultural understanding by incorporating games from various cultures linked to school celebrations.

In fourth grade library class, students will be immersed in a diverse selection of literature, including themes related to animals, earth science, space, historical events, and multicultural holiday and cultural celebrations. They will explore works by notable authors and illustrators, learning to identify personal styles and compare fiction and nonfiction texts. Key skills developed will include understanding the organization of the library, proper book care, and identifying literary elements such as character, setting, and plot. Students will engage in activities that foster a love for reading, including listening to stories, participating in book discussions, and completing the check-out routine. The program emphasizes diversity, equity, and inclusion by incorporating multicultural literature and celebrating various cultural events, ensuring a well-rounded and inclusive literary education.

Students will begin by mastering the use of Chromebooks, including various shortcuts and commands, and revisiting essential Google Apps for Education. They will then advance their typing skills and explore digital citizenship topics such as online privacy, communication, and cyberbullying through resources from Common Sense Media. As the year progresses, they will build block-based coding skills with Code.org and Scratch, culminating in projects where they create their own games. Additionally, students will be introduced to robotics, integrating coding with physical building to solve challenges and complete projects. The curriculum emphasizes equity and inclusion, ensuring that all students develop essential technology skills in a supportive and diverse learning environment.

Students will dive more deeply into the theme analysis of literature through book clubs by considering multiple perspectives and thinking critically about their reading. As they progress, they will tackle more complex nonfiction, learning to identify critical text features, acquiring content-specific vocabulary in context, and synthesizing information. Poems will be explored, focusing on the form, mood, figurative language, and meaning in the poetry genre. Students will also research debatable issues, practice argumentation and advocacy, evaluate perspectives, and present their findings. Throughout the year, daily independent reading, interactive read-alouds, peer reading, and comprehension exercises will enhance their learning, alongside teacher conferring and strategy groups tailored to their needs.

In fifth grade writing, students will engage in various forms of writing, starting with narrative writing where they will craft personal stories, develop characters, and use detailed descriptions to bring their narratives to life. They will then move on to writing a series of short fiction stories, focusing on creating realistic characters and plot development. Students will learn to write detailed, organized texts on various topics, incorporating specific facts and elaborations. Fifth graders will also learn to construct persuasive arguments, support their opinions with evidence, and write reviews and speeches aimed at convincing others. They will explore poetry, paying attention to figurative language and the structural elements of poems. The study of grammar and vocabulary is integrated into the writing process throughout the year.

In fifth grade phonics, students will enhance their understanding of word structures, through learning common suffixes and prefixes.  They will delve into more complex aspects of phonics, such as identifying and spelling unstressed syllables and working with multi-syllable words. Additionally, students will study Greek and Latin roots to build a strong foundation in vocabulary, allowing them to understand and spell new words based on their knowledge of word parts. Throughout the year, they will engage in activities like word sorts, dictionary scavenger hunts, and creating word webs, which will help them comprehend and apply advanced phonics rules in their writing. Assessments, including spelling tests and writing samples, will ensure they can apply their learning and improve their overall writing skills.

In fifth grade math, students will expand their understanding of whole numbers, multiplication, division, fractions, decimals, and introductory algebra. They will learn to count, compare, and round numbers up to one billion. Multiplication and division skills will be refined, including multiplying and dividing multi-digit numbers. Fractions will be explored through addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Students will also learn about decimals, comparing and rounding decimals and applying these skills to solve practical problems. Geometric concepts will be introduced with a focus on angles, lines, and classifying triangles and quadrilaterals. Measurement is also a focus in fifth grade with students deepening their knowledge of area, volume, and capacity. The year ends with a touch on data analysis and graphs as well as ratio, rate, and percentage.

Algebraic concepts will be introduced with a focus on identifying patterns, using variables, and simplifying expressions. Students will study geometric principles, such as calculating the area of rectangles and triangles, and understanding ratios. They will also engage with data through graphing, interpreting various types of graphs, and exploring probability.

Students will explore the geography of the United States, where they learn to use maps, latitude and longitude. They will study the migration and adaptation of American Indians, analyzing how different environments shaped their cultures. As they move on to European exploration, students will investigate the motives and impacts of explorers and settlements in North America. The curriculum covers the early English settlements, comparing the successes and failures of Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth, and the development of the American colonies. Students will also study the experiences of enslaved Africans, the daily life in Colonial Williamsburg, and the growing tensions between the colonies and Great Britain leading up to the American Revolution. They will analyze the Declaration of Independence, the Revolutionary War, and the formation of the U.S. Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, to understand the foundations of American democracy.

In fifth grade science class, students will investigate the properties of matter, learning about atoms, molecules, and chemical transformations. As they explore the interactions of light and matter, students will conduct experiments with light meters to understand reflection, refraction, and human vision. The curriculum will cover space and the solar system, focusing on gravity, the brightness of stars, and the orbits of celestial bodies, leading to a deeper understanding of phenomena like day and night, tides, and seasons. Additionally, they will explore Earth's systems, including the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere, and their interactions, while learning about the impact of human activities on the environment and ways to mitigate these effects.  Students will learn to keep a science notebook where they make observations, record data, and analyze the results of their experiments and explorations.

In fifth grade art, students will start by learning about studio procedures, safety, and basic drawing techniques, using materials like chalk pastels, oil pastels, and paint sticks. They will explore collage, architecture, painting, sculpture, and ceramics, learning specific techniques such as watercolor gradients, pinch pot creation, and block printing. Throughout the year, students will engage in reflective practices, develop their craft, and prepare their artworks for display in the annual Art Walk, where they will also write and talk about their pieces. The curriculum emphasizes personal exploration, with students encouraged to draw inspiration from their experiences, emotions, and imagination, while also learning about diverse artists and art forms from various cultural backgrounds.

In fifth grade music, students will start by reviewing rhythmic and melodic notation, including the C scale and moveable DO scale, and will practice reading and performing these notations. As they progress, students will explore the differences between major and minor keys, syncopated rhythms, and elements that contribute to a good performance, such as phrasing, technique, and expression. They will participate in group and solo performances, using instruments like boom whackers and rhythm sticks, and engage in creative activities such as composing their own 16-measure pieces using Noteflight. Throughout the year, students will perform in culminating events, such as the Holiday Sing, and will be exposed to a variety of world instruments and songs from different cultures to broaden their musical perspectives.

Students will engage in various activities aimed at enhancing their physical skills, teamwork, and overall wellness. Throughout the year, they will participate in team-building exercises, flag football, volleyball, dance, mindful movement, hockey, basketball, and track and field events. They will also learn about body positioning, goalkeeping, shuffling, and team sportsmanship. The curriculum emphasizes inclusive play and cultural understanding, incorporating games from different cultures linked to school-wide celebrations. Students will also explore topics related to growth and development, including physical changes during puberty and mental awareness.

Students will learn about library organization, book care, and the procedures for checking out books, while also becoming familiar with notable authors and illustrators. Students will explore different genres, including fiction, nonfiction, mysteries, and fairy tales, and will engage in activities that enhance their understanding of literary elements like character, setting, and plot. The curriculum includes thematic literature related to animals, Earth science, space, and historical events, and multicultural literature that ties into holiday and cultural celebrations.

In fifth grade technology class, students will build on their foundational skills with Chromebooks and various software applications, focusing on typing proficiency, digital citizenship, and coding. They will advance their typing speed through consistent practice and aim to increase their words per minute and accuracy. The curriculum includes mastering digital citizenship concepts such as online privacy, proper communication, cyberbullying prevention, and online research skills using resources from commonsensemedia.org and Google. Students will advance their coding skills through block-based programs like code.org and Scratch, culminating in projects like building their own games.  Students will also develop advanced skills in Google Apps for Education, particularly Google Sheets, by creating and managing a budget for a fictitious business.